Outline - Ultrastructure of Cells

1.2.U1 Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization.

Outline the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
List the functions of the following structures of a prokaryotic cell: cell membrane, nucleoid, plasmid, cytoplasm, ribosome, cell wall, pili, capsule, and flagella.
Contrast the size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes.

1.2.U2 Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.

State the meaning and advantages of eukaryotic cells being “compartmentalized.”
State structural differences between plant and animal cells.

1.2.U3 Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.

Define asexual reproduction.
Outline the steps of binary fission.

1.2.U4 Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.

Define resolution.
Compare the functionality of light and electron microscopes.

1.2.A1 Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas.

State the function of an exocrine gland cell.
Describe the function of the following structures in an exocrine gland cell: plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum.

1.2.A2 Structure and function of organelles within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf.

State the function of a palisade mesophyll cell.
Draw a labeled diagram of a palisade cell from the leaf mesophyll.
Describe the function of the following structures in a palisade mesophyll cell: cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus, and mitochondria.

1.2.S1 Drawings of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

Explain why the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells must be based on electron micrographs.
Draw the ultrastructure of E.coli as seen in an electron micrograph.

1.2.S2 Drawings of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a generic animal cell.
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a generic plant cell.

1.2.S3 Interpretations of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.

Explain why cells with different functions will have different structures.
Identify ultrastructures visible in a micrograph of a eukaryotic cell.
Given a micrograph of a cell, deduce the function of the cell based on the structures present.

1.2.NOS Developments in scientific research follows improvements in apparatus- the invention of the electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure.

With reference to a specific example, explain how an improvement in apparatus allowed for greater understanding of cell structure.